Porous Ti-6Al-4V Architectures in Load-Bearing Orthopedic Reconstruction: A Critical Narrative Review of the Translational Gap Across Microstructure, Fatigue, Surface Function, and Clinical Failure Modes
An aging population and a rising revision burden are increasing demand for bone-compatible load-bearing implants. Because the elastic modulus of conventional Ti-6Al-4V (~110 GPa) exceeds that of cortical bone (7–30 GPa), stress shielding can drive bone resorption and aseptic loosening. Two solution lines have emerged:...