Author

Graham McDonald

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Preprint Jul 2026

Interpretable Uncertainty for Adaptive Retrieval and Reasoning in Question Answering

This work proposes an uncertainty-aware framework for adaptive QA based on explicit signals derived from LLM internal representations that distinguish between knowledge insufficiency and knowledge ambiguity or conflict, and efficiently estimate these from hidden states in a single forward pass.

Ritajit Dey, Iadh Ounis, Graham McDonald · 1 citation