Comparative study of fresh and cryopreserved rat mesenchymal stem cells: cell viability, immunological gene expression, and cytokine production
Cryopreservation is fundamental for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) banking, but the freeze–thaw cycle induces sub-cellular stress, potentially modifying the post-thaw genomic and paracrine identity of the cellular product. This study aimed to compare the biological, molecular, and functional stability of fresh and cryopre...