Assessing Artificial Intelligence Language Models for Patient-Oriented Information on Chiari Malformation Types: A Structured Multinational Evaluation Based on Real-World Expectations.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of contemporary large language model (LLM)-based artificial intelligence (AI) systems in providing patient-oriented information across multiple Chiari malformation (CM) subtypes. METHODS Five AI models (ChatGPT-4o, Gemini, Copilot, DeepSeek, and Perplexity AI) were evaluated usin...