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Fernando Martins Castanheira

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Review Open access Sep 2026

Neurocognitive links between anomic aphasia, autistic identity, and persistent behavior: An integrative review of language, executive function, and self-regulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder

This study aims to present an integrative review and propose an interpretive matrix — grounded in the authors’ original clinical observations — addressing the intersection between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), anomic aphasia, identity development, and persistent behavioral patterns, while examining the underlying bio...

Giovanna Azevedo Rodrigues, Fernando Martins Castanheira, Luiz Costa et al. · 0 citations
Review Open access Sep 2026

From Form to Function: Cognitive Psychiatry, Philosophy of Mathematics, and the Psychogenesis of Number

The objective of this article is to propose an interdisciplinary interpretive matrix that articulates philosophy of mathematics, cognitive psychiatry, and recent neuroscientific discoveries (2021-2026) on embodied numerical cognition, in order to bridge the gap between the formal validity of mathematics and its cogniti...

Giovanna Azevedo Rodrigues, Fernando Martins Castanheira, Luiz Costa et al. · 0 citations
Review Open access Sep 2026

Korsakoff Syndrome beyond amnesia: A neuropsychiatric hypothesis of affective and autobiographical disintegration

Objective: to propose a neuropsychiatric hypothesis in which Korsakoff syndrome is not restricted to an amnestic disorder but involves a disruption of the integration of present experience, affective valuation, and autobiographical narrative. Methodology: a narrative and integrative review was conducted, combining clas...

Giovanna Azevedo Rodrigues, Fernando Martins Castanheira, Marcelo Caixeta · 0 citations
Review Open access Sep 2026

From the processuality of the world to logical formalization: A critique of the ontology of simple objects and of Wittgenstein's truth-functions in light of Cognitive Psychiatry

Objective: To propose a critique of the logical-ontological theory of the early Wittgenstein, in the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, which establishes a structural correspondence between world and language (the world as the totality of facts, facts as combinations of simple objects, and complex propositions as truth-fu...

Giovanna Azevedo Rodrigues, Fernando Martins Castanheira, Marcelo Caixeta · 0 citations
Review Open access Sep 2026

Haloperidol as a Novel Augmentation Strategy in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Clinical Practice Perspective with Case Series

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) remains a major clinical challenge when adequate antidepressant trials fail to achieve remission. This clinical practice perspective examines low-dose haloperidol as a potential augmentation strategy in carefully selected, treatment-refractory affective presentations. The manuscript...

Giovanna Azevedo Rodrigues, Fernando Martins Castanheira, Luiz Costa et al. · 0 citations
Review Open access Sep 2026

Autism Spectrum Disorder or Social Anxiety Disorder? A clinical and psychopathological approach to differential diagnosis

A mechanistic and hierarchical framework to avoid rapid equivalences between nonspecific signs and diagnostic categories is proposed to avoid rapid equivalences between nonspecific signs and diagnostic categories.

Giovanna Azevedo Rodrigues, Fernando Martins Castanheira, Marcelo Caixeta · 0 citations
Open access Sep 2026

Embodied cognition and the neural basis of syntax: Reinterpreting Kant, Chomsky, and Humboldt

This paper aims to argue that, under typical developmental conditions, syntactic productivity is grounded in embodied cognition, emerging primarily through the vocalization of human praxis within a causally structured world. The core claim is that the mapping from action structure to clausal structure follows a specifi...

Giovanna Azevedo Rodrigues, Fernando Martins Castanheira, Marcelo Caixeta · 0 citations
Review Open access Aug 2026

The General Psychiatric Syndrome as a Transdiagnostic Hypothesis: A Critical Appraisal of Evidence, Interpretation and Clinical Reach

Persistent comorbidity, diagnostic instability and the scarcity of disorder-specific causes have encouraged the proposal that a single superordinate dimension underlies liability to all common mental disorders. This proposition, expressed empirically as the general factor of psychopathology and framed conceptually as a...

Luiz Costa, Fernando Martins Castanheira, Giovanna Azevedo Rodrigues et al. · 1 citation

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