Faruk Mike

Renewable Energy, Energy Import Dependence, and Trade Balance in Türkiye

This paper analyzes how renewable energy use and dependence on imported energy influence Türkiye’s trade balance. The study is grounded in the argument that economies relying heavily on imported fossil fuels are more exposed to external balance pressures, whereas domestic renewable energy use may help reduce this expos...

Black carbon dynamics in BASIC nations: re-examining EKC and pollution hypotheses with a novel structural-break cointegration test