IRE-1α/XBP-1s axis determines phosphodiesterase 1c activation inducing vascular endothelial cell damage, contributes to cerebral vascular injury and neuroinflammation.
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1) plays critical roles in mediating neuroinflammation, neuron degeneration, and cognitive impairment through suppressing the fundamental cAMP and cGMP signaling, presenting a promising therapeutic target in combating neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disease. However, th...