Author

F. Ruan

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#artificial intelligence Jan 2026

RAPTOR: Ridge-Adaptive Logistic Probes

RAPTOR (Ridge-Adaptive Logistic Probe), a simple L2-regularized logistic probe whose validation-tuned ridge strength yields concept vectors from normalized weights is proposed, explaining how penalty strength mediates probe accuracy and concept-vector stability and yielding structural predictions that qualitatively ali...

Ziqi Gao, Yao Zhu, Qingcheng Zeng et al. · arXiv.org · 0 citations

#machine learning Sep 2025

A Compositional Kernel Model for Feature Learning

This model provides a tractable setting for studying feature learning in compositional architectures and shows how relevant variables are recovered while noise variables are eliminated, and proves that both global minimizers and stationary points discard noise coordinates when the noise variables are Gaussian distribut...

F. Ruan, Ke-Li Liu, Michael Jordan · Applied and Computational Ha... · 1 citation