F. Hummel

Concurrent TMS and Spinal Cord fMRI Reveal Intensity-Dependent Modulation of Spinal Circuits

This work introduces a multimodal framework that combines single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex with SC-fMRI to probe TMS-evoked spinal activity in humans and demonstrates that concurrent TMS–SCfMRI can capture, in vivo, how cortical drive is expressed within human spinal circuitry.