The structure of the bilingual mind has been the focus of many studies, especially regarding how different languages are stored and interact. Using the same sample pool of 101 Turkish–English bilinguals across eight experiments involving the masked priming paradigm, this extensive study investigated non-cognate translation priming, along with the potential effects of language direction (L1-to-L2 vs. L2-to-L1), task type (lexical decision task vs. semantic categorization task), prime duration (50 ms vs. 83 ms), individual differences (L2 proficiency, L2 immersion, and L2 dominance), and word frequency. The results revealed a prominent translation effect for both language directions across tasks and prime durations, with semantic categorization tasks eliciting more priming. Since 83-ms primes were largely visible, the findings reveal important differences between pre-conscious (50-ms primes) and conscious (83-ms primes) word processing. Overall, the findings support the quantitative models, Multilink in particular, highlighting that native-like L2 word processing can emerge in late bilinguals.
Enis Oğuz, B. Kırkıcı· Bilingualism: Language and C...· 0 citations
Acquiring L2 prepositions is a complex process, as bilinguals often find it difficult to use the correct preposition in a target language such as English. While frequency of prepositions and prepositional phrases can help this acquisition process, additional factors such as L1 influence also play an important role. Furthermore, the acquisition of L2 prepositions follows a non-linear pattern, similar to U-shaped development in L2 acquisition, making investigations across different proficiency levels crucial in understanding the whole phenomenon. Using an error-coded learner corpus, this study investigated the frequencies of L2 preposition use and error types in the essays written by Turkish-English bilinguals. Three types of preposition errors (substitution, addition, and omission) were examined across different score bands corresponding to different writing proficiency levels. Overall results showed that although the frequency of prepositions accounted for their usage in L2 for the most common 10 prepositions, error types and how they differ across score bands are also essential in understanding the developmental pattern of L2 prepositions. In line with the literature, substitution and omission errors were the most common error types. Notably, omission errors demonstrated a statistically significant U-shaped developmental pattern, while substitution errors showed a similar but non-significant descriptive tendency across proficiency bands. Addition errors, on the other hand, decreased steadily with higher score bands. The current findings offer important insights into L2 preposition error types and development for fields like psycholinguistics, bilingualism, and corpus linguistics.
Enis Oğuz· Cankaya University journal o...· 0 citations
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