Effectiveness of Endorphin Massage in Reducing Labor Pain During the Active Phase of the First Stage of Labor at Independent Midwifery Practice (PMB) E, Mustika Jaya, Bekasi (2025–2026)
Excessive and prolonged labor pain can lead to anxiety, psychological distress, labor complications, and even maternal and neonatal mortality. Therefore, it is necessary to manage labor pain using non-pharmacological methods, such as endorphin massage. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of endorphin massage...