Eka Wulandari

Activity of nanoemulsion formulated from Syzygium aromaticum and Myristica fragrans essential oils against Spodoptera frugiperda

Spodoptera frugiperda is a major pest of maize that can causes severe yield losses, while intensive use of synthetic insecticides raises concerns about environmental contamination and food safety. This study evaluated the larvicidal toxicity, synergistic interaction, feeding inhibition, and egg-hatching inhibition of n...