Edward Shangin

Extracellular vesicle-mediated preconditioning of osteoblasts by ER+ breast cancer cells: implications for the bone metastatic niche

Breast cancer metastasis to bone most commonly occurs in late-stage disease and remains a major contributor to morbidity, reduced quality of life, and mortality, particularly in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) tumors. Intercellular communication between tumor cells and bone-resident cells plays a critical role in prom...