Genetically engineered biological therapy in dermatology: modern technologies and development prospects. Part 1
Modern dermatology is experiencing a revolutionary period due to the implementation of genetically engineered biological therapy (GEBT) and targeted methods for the treatment of chronic skin diseases. The article presents a comprehensive analysis of modern technologies of genetically engineered biological therapy (GEBT) in dermatology. The main methods of GEBT are considered, including the CRISPR/Cas9 system, adenoviral vectors and RNA interference, as well as various classes of biological drugs: inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukins-17, 23 and 36, Janus kinases. Their effectiveness in psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, vitiligo, cicatricial alopecia and other dermatological pathologies was analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms of action of drugs, the results of clinical studies and the use patterns in various clinical situations. Promising areas for the development of GEBT, including personalized medicine, combination therapy, expanding the spectrum of diseases, and the creation of new molecules are considered. The ethical and social aspects of the use of genetic engineering technologies, issues of safety, accessibility of therapy and informed consent are discussed. A conclusion is made about the transformative potential of GEBT in dermatology, given the need for a balanced approach that takes into account not only medical but also socio-ethical aspects of the application of these technologies.