Chronic kidney disease as a systemic disorder: filtration phenotypes, inflammation and cardiovascular risk in the cardio-kidney metabolic era.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized as a systemic disorder driven by metabolic dysfunction, vascular injury, inflammation, and emerging filtration phenotypes. In the cardio-kidney-metabolic (CKM) era, renal biomarkers such as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria provide essent...