Open access
Sep 2026
A Gradient-Level Diagnosis of Extreme Class Imbalance in Multiple Instance Learning via q-Calculus
This work identifies ratio-invariant safety—non-degradation at any imbalance ratio, satisfied by vanilla BCE and q-calculus but violated by all reweighting methods—and gives recommendations spanning moderate to extreme imbalance.
A. Rehman, E. Baro, Pablo Otero
· Machine Learning and Knowled... · 0 citations