Optimizing AI-based assessment in history education: The impact of prompt engineering on scoring performance in a morphologically rich language
This study investigates the effectiveness and prompt sensitivity of leading large language model (LLM)-based AI tools (ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, Deepseek) in grading open-ended exam questions in an undergraduate history course (Atatürk’s Principles and History of Revolution), compared to human evaluators. A comprehensiv...