Dongyao Zhang

Identifying and Mitigating Cultural Bias in AI-Assisted Translation: A Review of Mechanisms, Challenges, and Future Directions

A systematic review of cultural bias in AI translation, organized around three research questions: how cultural bias manifests, how it can be identified, and how it can be mitigated, and a five-layer framework spanning data auditing, model adaptation, inference-time intervention, post-editing, and governance.