Integrated Metabolomics, Network Pharmacology, and Experimental Validation Elucidate the Mechanisms Underlying Dingxiang-Guanshitong Decoction in the Treatment of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
INTRODUCTION Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis, particularly in advanced stages. Dingxiang Guan Shitong Decoction (DGD) is a traditional Chinese medicine preparation that can alleviate symptoms in patients with advanced ESCC....