A controlled probe of 234 runs against the logged-out ChatGPT web interface and the OpenAI API, collected on 29 and 30 August 2026 across four exit countries and six query languages, shows that language and location are separable and act on different things.
This work built and validated PersonaGen-1M, a corpus of 1,031,732 synthetic buyer personas spanning 511 industry labels and 4 market contexts, carrying 19,416,821 structured behavioral attributes, 5,160,046 of them search queries.
A crossed random-effects (generalizability-theory) decomposition is specified that partitions the total variance of a response-level brand outcome into these four sources, and embeds the components in a decision-study allocation that returns how many repeats, paraphrases, models, and languages to buy for a target reliability.
D. Żatuchin· arXiv.org· 3 citations· ⚡1
We use cookies to run the site and, with your consent, for analytics and to show ads.
See our Cookie Policy.