Neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's, Parkinsons etc., are progressive and debilitating conditions that have little therapeutic intervention. Existing pharmacological interventions mainly provide symptomatic relief and do not respond to the pathophysiology of these diseases, which is complex and multifactorial and includes oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and protein misfolding. The synthesis of emerging evidence regarding the neuroprotective efficacy of phytotherapy is presented in this review, and the focus is on such traditional medicinal plants as Bacopa monnieri, Withania somnifera, and Centella asiatica. These botanicals have multi-target actions via bioactive compounds, such as bacosides, withanolides, and curcuminoids, that modulate cholinergic function and counteract the aggregation of amyloid beta residues, as well as support the integrity of mitochondria. The advanced delivery systems, like nano-formulations, are also highlighted in the review to improve the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Along with pharmacological processes, integrative approaches that involve the use of phytotherapy, along with lifestyle changes and conventional medicine, are considered. Finally, this holistic model will help to shift phytotherapy to a primary approach to slowing neurodegeneration and enhancing the quality of life. The future directions are the clinical validation, standardization of compounds, and integration into personalized medicine models.
Shatrudhan Prajapati, Shikha Yadav, A. Singh et al.· Current Pharmaceutical Biote...· 0 citations
Huntington's disease [HD] is a progressive, autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a pathogenic CAG repeat expansion in the HTT gene, resulting in mutant huntingtin [mHTT] protein accumulation, neuronal dysfunction, and selective neurodegeneration. Current pharmacological management remains largely symptomatic, with no approved therapies capable of modifying disease progression. In recent years, however, significant advances in molecular neuroscience and translational medicine have accelerated the development of disease-modifying strategies targeting the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of HD. This review synthesizes emerging pharmacological therapies with a particular focus on insights derived from recent and ongoing clinical trials. Key therapeutic approaches discussed include gene-silencing technologies such as antisense oligonucleotides, RNA interference, and CRISPRCas9- based strategies, as well as small-molecule modulators targeting mutant huntingtin aggregation, proteostasis, autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. In addition, advances in symptomatic treatments addressing motor, cognitive, and psychiatric manifestations are reviewed. The article critically examines translational challenges encountered in clinical development, including blood-brain barrier penetration, allele selectivity, dosing paradigms, patient heterogeneity, biomarker integration, and ethical considerations associated with irreversible genetic interventions. Lessons learned from both successful and failed trials highlight the importance of precision medicine approaches, biomarker-guided trial designs, and combination therapies targeting multiple pathogenic pathways. Collectively, this review provides an updated and clinically relevant overview of the evolving HD therapeutic landscape and outlines key considerations for translating molecular advances into effective and safe pharmacological interventions.
B. Semwal, Kuldeep Singh, Ritesh Sharma et al.· Current Pharmaceutical Biote...· 0 citations
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