Biharmonic Conformal Surfaces and Dirac Factorization I: Exact Spinorial Encoding and Scalar--Chiral Rigidity
For maps from surfaces, harmonicity is conformally invariant and a conformal immersion is harmonic precisely when its image is minimal. Biharmonicity is a fourth-order extension of this theory, but it is not conformally invariant. A nonminimal immersion may therefore become biharmonic after a suitable change of the dom...