Sodium fluoride induces hepatic and intestinal injury via gut microbiota dysbiosis and inflammatory activation: insights from network toxicology and 16S rRNA sequencing.
Fluoride is an essential trace element for human health. However, excessive intake of sodium fluoride (NaF) can induce fluorosis and lead to liver and intestinal injury. The mechanisms underlying NaF-induced hepatic and intestinal damage remain unclear. In this study, network toxicology was integrated with 16S rRNA hig...