Seismotectonic Controls on the Toba–Samosir Subsurface Environment Revealed by Double-Difference Earthquake Relocation
North Sumatra is characterized by complex interactions among the Sumatran Fault System, regional subduction, and the volcanotectonic setting of the Toba Caldera, producing heterogeneous shallow crustal seismicity and structurally controlled subsurface environments. This study investigates the seismotectonic and subsurf...