OBJECTIVE
To examine the association between prenatal exposure to a mixture of EDCs and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children.
METHODS
Participating were mother-child pairs from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort (n = 3,962, 18 Sites, 2001-2021). Maternal spot urine samples collected during pregnancy were sent to the Wadsworth Center Human Health Exposure Analysis Resource laboratory and analyzed using a single assay workflow. From those samples, 24 urinary metabolites of EDCs with detection frequency > 70%, were grouped as molar sum of high- and low-molecular-weight phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, bisphenol S, organophosphate esters, and organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides. Child ADHD symptoms were assessed using raw scores from the Child Behavior Checklist for preschool-aged (CBCL/1½-5) and school-aged (CBCL/6-18) Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Problems subscale. Scores ≥ the 85th and 95th percentiles were respectively classified as borderline and clinical thresholds. Quantile g-computation estimated the expected change in ADHD outcome associated with a one-quartile increase in all prenatal EDC mixture concentrations, using negative binomial models for raw scores and binomial models for percentile thresholds.
RESULTS
Prenatal exposure to the EDC mixture was not associated with child ADHD symptoms in preschool-aged or school-aged children in adjusted models for either continuous raw scores or percentile thresholds.
CONCLUSION
Overall our findings on prenatal EDC mixture exposure and ADHD symptoms were not robust to full adjustment. Future research that can delineate factors such as windows of vulnerability and trajectories of ADHD-related symptoms may help clarify mixed findings in the literature.
Teresa Herrera, Sara Hyman, Roger Newman et al.· Environment International· 0 citations
Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) during fetal development may increase the risk of autism spectrum disorder, but previous studies have relied on maternal pregnancy samples as proxies instead of directly measuring fetal exposures. Here, we used naturally shed deciduous teeth from autism cases and typically developing controls born between 1998 and 2014 from the California, USA, population-based case-control Childhood Autism Risk from Genetics and the Environment study. Using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we quantified fetal second and third trimester and postnatal POPs in teeth dentine. In total, seven polychlorinated biphenyls, two organochlorine pesticides, and four brominated diphenyl ethers were quantified in deciduous teeth. We compared children clinically confirmed to have autism with typically developing children from the general population using logistic regression for exploratory single chemical analysis and Weighted Quantile Regression Analysis for mixture analysis. In the third trimester, the POPs mixture was positively associated with autism (median Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.54 (95% CI=[0.99, 2.83]). In sex-stratified interaction analysis, the OR for males (median=1.75) was significant (95% CI: [1.13, 3.2]), while the OR for females was small (1.16) and not significant (95% CI = [0.33, 3.5]). The POPs mixtures during the second trimester or postnatally were not significantly associated with autism risk. Therefore, direct fetal and early-life measures of POPs indicate the third trimester as a potential high-risk biological window for POPs exposures that increase autism risk, particularly in males.
L. Petrick, P. S. Dassanayake, C. Gennings et al.· Environmental Research· 0 citations
Prenatal OP exposure was not associated with autism-related traits in childhood and results were consistent across sex-stratified models, secondary analyses using quantile and logistic regressions, various sensitivity analyses, and after adjustments for dietary confounders.
Haleigh Cavalier, Heather E. Volk, A. Kivumbi et al.· JAMA pediatrics· 1 citation
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