Research advances in the translational application of anti-VEGF combined with subthreshold micropulse laser therapy for refractory diabetic macular edema.
Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a leading cause of visual decline in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR). While intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents have become the first-line treatment, some patients fail to achieve complete resolution or experience recurrent fluid accumulation despit...