Spreading alpha-synuclein oligomers trigger astrocyte/microglial changes and astrocyte-glutamatergic neuron system dysfunction in an age-related manner
A model in which α-syn oligomer spreading, amplified by aging, simultaneously disrupts the astrocyte–glutamatergic neuron axis and drives microglia into a senescent DAM-like state is proposed, and candidate gene sets for both processes are provided for further investigation of glial dysfunction in PD.