Halophilic plant growth-promoting bacterial consortium reshapes soil microbiota to enhance salinity tolerance, antioxidant defense, and yield in Vigna mungo L.
Results demonstrate that the HPGPB consortium enhances salinity tolerance through coordinated physiological, biochemical, and microbiome-associated mechanisms, highlighting the potential of HPGPB consortia as sustainable bioinoculants for improving black gram productivity in salt-affected agroecosystems.