BACKGROUND
Pancreatic cancer is relatively rare but remains one of the most lethal tumors. Identifying modifiable risk factors is a crucial step to reduce disease burden. Evidence suggests a potential role of type 2 diabetes mellitus in its pathogenesis.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the association between dietary patterns related to diabetes and pancreatic cancer risk in a European population.
METHODS
A total of 367,395 participants from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study were included. After a median follow-up of 14.9 years, 926 incident cases were identified. The Diabetes Risk Reduction Diet (DRRD), the Empirical Dietary Index for Hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) and the Empirical Dietary Index for Insulin Resistance (EDIR) were estimated from food frequency questionnaires at recruitment. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between dietary patterns and pancreatic cancer were calculated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models, adjusted for relevant confounders.
RESULTS
Adherence to DRRD showed no association with risk of pancreatic cancer (HRT3vsT1 = 0.94, 95% CI 0.79-1.12). Higher adherence to EDIH was associated with a borderline 19% increased pancreatic cancer risk (HRT3vsT1 = 1.19, 95% CI 0.99-1.44). No significant associations were observed in relation to EDIR. No heterogeneity was observed among the subgroups.
CONCLUSIONS
Higher adherence to a hyperinsulinemic dietary pattern may contribute to the risk of developing pancreatic cancer in our population. Further research is warranted to elucidate the potential role of dietary factors in cancer risk prevention.
L.F. Torres-Laiton, W. Balcerzak, R. Zamora et al.· Journal of NutriLife· 0 citations
Previous studies have suggested that a high intake of nuts may reduce the risk of hypertension, however, the available data have been limited. Several additional studies have recently been published on the topic. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies on nut consumption and hypertension to provide an updated assessment of the evidence. PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to 4th April 2026 for prospective cohort studies with adjusted relative risk estimates published in the English language on the association between nut consumption and hypertension risk. Random effects models were used to estimate summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between nut consumption and hypertension. We used World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) criteria to assess the strength of the evidence. Eight studies (20,665 cases, x) were included in the meta-analysis. The summary RR for the highest vs. lowest category of nut intake was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.77-0.91, I2=50%, pheterogeneity=0.05, n=8) and per 28 g/d was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.71-0.89, I2=75%, pheterogeneity<0.0001, n=8). There was no indication of publication bias with Begg's test (p=0.71) or Egger's test (p=0.10) or by visual inspection of the funnel plot. There was some indication of nonlinearity (pnonlinearity=0.07) and there was a 26% reduction in risk when comparing 30g/d vs. 0 g/d. Using WCRF criteria to assess the strength of evidence, we graded the likelihood of causality as probable. In this meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies, we found further evidence for a reduced risk of hypertension with higher intake of nuts. These findings support dietary guideline recommendations to include a serving of nuts per day.
M. Metoudi, Isabelle Sadler, S. Kassam et al.· British Journal of Nutrition· 0 citations
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