Cyril L. Tura

Synergistic Efficacy of Bacillus Thuringiensis ssp. Aizawai and Neem Oil Against Spodoptera Frugiperda: Investigating the “Dual-Hit” Mechanism from Laboratory to Field

The invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), poses a severe threat to global maize (Zea mays L.) production, necessitating     sustainable management alternatives. This study evaluated the laboratory and field efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. aizawai (Bt) and neem oil, applied independently an...