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Chuan Xiao

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#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

OPTS-TTPO: Enhancing Finite-Sample Policy-Gradient Learning with Tree Search

The policy-gradient theorem gives the exact gradient under the current policy, but finite on-policy samples may miss rare high-return trajectories. We study whether tree search improves their coverage within a fixed budget while controlling gradient bias. We introduce On-Policy Parallel Tree Search (OPTS) and Tree Traj...

Jun-Yu Lu, Shi-Chao Weng, Zhi-Qiang Wang et al. · 0 citations

ShapleyLaw: A Game-Theoretic Approach to Multilingual Scaling Laws

This paper considers multilingual pretraining as a cooperative game in which each language acts as a player that jointly contributes to pretraining, gaining the resulting reduction in test loss as the payoff and proposes a game-theoretic multilingual scaling law called ShapleyLaw.

Xuyang Cao, Qian-Ying Liu, Chuan Xiao et al. · 2 citations
Preprint Aug 2026

Proxy reliance in large language model decisions is uncalibrated to predictive evidence

Large language models are entering decisions in triage and lending, where task-relevant inference must be distinguished from impermissible proxy use, and causal proxy effects in four LLMs on a clinical-ranking task with known ground truth are measured.

Zeng-Qing Wu, Chuan Xiao · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Aug 2026

Predicting the scale limits of social mechanisms in agent societies

An audit is introduced that predicts a mechanism's fate as a population grows, asking how often the mechanism can act, whether agents use the information it supplies, and whether the measurement itself creates apparent scale effects.

Zeng-Qing Wu, Chuan Xiao · 0 citations

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