Chu-Yao Wang

Silicon sampling answers with country-level assumptions, not individual attitudes: Cross-national evidence from the European Social Survey

Silicon sampling uses large language models (LLMs) to simulate survey respondents. Whether it recovers cross-national variation, and why, remains unresolved. This study evaluates it against European Social Survey Round 11 (30 countries, 42 items) with two open-weight LLMs under first- and third-person prompts, plus bac...