Nitrogen starvation coupled with extended anoxic time induces rapid growth of ammonia oxidizers and enrichment of anammox bacteria in low-ammonium wastewater.
Partial nitrification-anammox (PNA) is an energy-efficient autotrophic nitrogen removal process, yet its application to low-ammonium wastewater remains challenging due to the difficulty in selectively suppressing nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) while maintaining ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anaerobic ammonium...