Optimization of green concrete properties using ceramic and GGBS waste
This research investigates the stability of expansive black cotton soil by the addition of lime and waste glass powder (WGP). The expansive characteristics of black cotton soil, attributed to the clay component montmorillonite, make it inappropriate for construction. In this research, Lime and WGP were added in different ratios to improve its geotechnical properties. Lime was taken in concentrations of 0%, 4%, and 6%, while WGP was incorporated at amounts of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. Experimental research demonstrated significant enhancements in geotechnical metrics, notably shear strength, correlating with elevated WGP concentration. The results demonstrate that the simultaneous application of lime and WGP effectively stabilizes expansive soils, making them appropriate for construction purposes, including foundation beds, road subgrades, dams, and various civil engineering structures. Received: 10.09.2025 Received in revised form: 12.06.2026 Accepted: 27.07.2026