César Ulises Alas Pineda

A Synbiotic for the Oral–Nasal Gateway: The Mechanistic Rationale, Pathogen-Targeting Profile, and Implications for Gut and Pulmonary Health

The oral cavity and the nasal passage form a single, continuously mixed ecological gateway rather than two independent niches: saliva is swallowed roughly once every one to two minutes while awake, and nasal mucus is transported posteriorly into the nasopharynx on a cycle of roughly ten to twenty minutes, so oral and n...