Effects of lidocaine bolus and infusion on neuromonitoring by bispectral index (BIS®), electroencephalogram periodic and aperiodic activity, and Surgical Pleth Index® during propofol-remifentanil anaesthesia: a single-centre prospective observational study.
BACKGROUND Lidocaine administration during stable propofol-remifentanil anaesthesia causes a decrease in bispectral index (BIS®), although its influence on hypnosis is debated. We evaluated dose-dependent lidocaine effects on spectral EEG features and the processed parameters BIS and 95% spectral edge frequency (SEF95)...