Author

C. Lam

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Review Oct 2026

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT OF SAGITTAL SPINAL ALIGNMENT: A SCOPING REVIEW

Sagittal spinal alignment assessment is critical for diagnosing spinal deformities, planning surgical interventions, and monitoring treatment outcomes. Conventional measurement techniques require considerable expertise and are susceptible to measurement error. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies offer the pot...

C. Lam, A. Mahmud, M. A. Maricar et al. · Orthopaedic Proceedings · 0 citations

Review Open access Sep 2026

Clinical outcomes and complications of the posterior dynamic distraction device in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE The posterior dynamic distraction device (PDDD) is a fusionless implant for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). We aimed to quantify pooled major-curve Cobb correction, complication, revision, and infection rates after primary PDDD implantation for Lenke 1 or 5 curves, and to place these outcomes in context...

C. Lam, Alma Sato, H. Bulut et al. · European spine journal · 0 citations

Review Open access Sep 2026

Evaluating reasoning-tuned large language models for clinical decision-making in spine surgery.

PURPOSE Most clinical evaluations of large language models assess factual recall rather than the multi-step reasoning behind operative plans. Reasoning-tuned models, post-trained to generate explicit intermediate reasoning before answering, may better approximate surgical decision-making. We compared two such models fr...

C. Lam, Conor T. Boylan, Adit Ravishankar et al. · Spine Deformity · 0 citations

Review Open access Jul 2026

184 Evaluating Reasoning-Tuned Large Language Models for Clinical Decision-Making in Spine Surgery

OpenAI o1 (full) produced more accurate, thorough, appropriate, and clear plans, with greater consistency, while DeepSeek R1 showed credible but more variable outputs.

A. Ravishankar, C. Lam, A. Bulloso et al. · British Journal of Surgery · 0 citations