Redox imbalance in infertility and assisted reproduction: biomarkers, mechanisms, multi-omics integration, and personalised therapeutic strategies
Redox biology occupies a central but paradoxical role in human reproduction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are indispensable mediators of sperm capacitation, oocyte activation, embryo development, and trophoblast invasion, yet excessive ROS generation causes oxidative stress that damages gametes, impairs preimplantatio...