Coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Modeling of CO2 Leakage Through a Micro-Annulus in an Abandoned Wellbore
Abandoned wells pose a significant leakage risk for geological carbon (CO2) storage because defects at the casing–cement interface can create preferential pathways for upward CO2 migration. Although thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) studies have extensively investigated wellbore integrity, leakage pathways are commonly rep...