Biplab Debnath

Systematic Review on Harnessing Mangrove-associated Rhizobacteria for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Horticultural Crops: A Sustainable Biotechnological Approach

Climate change has escalated the frequency of abiotic stresses such as heat, drought, salinity, and heavy metal toxicity, which adversely affect the productivity of horticultural crops and food security. Mangrove ecosystems are home to the Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) that are specially adapted to survive even in the most extreme environmental conditions. These PGPRs from mangroves are an eco-friendly way to raise the stress tolerance level of horticultural crops. The paper reviews current research on the functional traits of PGPR derived from mangroves, including nutrient solubilization, phytohormone production, ACC deaminase activity, and production of metabolites that aid stress alleviation. The paper also highlights recent advancements in molecular “omics” tools–genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics–used for elucidating the interaction mechanisms between PGPR and plants. The study was primarily focused on experiments performed in the lab and greenhouse. Field research is also gaining traction. Mangrove PGPR employ various mechanisms for stress release, including nitrogen fixation, siderophore production, EPS synthesis, osmoprotection, and antioxidant enzyme induction. Application of such PGPR has improved the drought and salinity tolerance of horticultural crops such as tomato, cucumber, banana, and their close relatives. Omics-based studies unravel the complexity of the regulatory network that controls both stress signaling and nutritional uptake. Although the laboratory results are good, a problem remains in open fields due to environmental variability and crop-specific responses. To ensure reliable performance, PGPR consortia need optimization of strategy formulation and delivery systems. Mangrove-associated PGPRs are a promising approach to improve climate change resilience in horticultural crops. Much work still remains to be done on large-scale field trials, advanced bioformulations, and deployment of current biotechnology approaches before general agricultural benefits can be realized.

cGAS-STING as a Neuroimmune Traffic Molecule: Unraveling Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential in Neurological Disorders

Unlocking the pharmacological potential of rhodanine derivatives: Drug design strategies and structure-activity relationships

Abstract The rhodanine core or 2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one, a five-membered heterocyclic ring system, has garnered significant interest in drug discovery, owing to its diverse biological activities. Derivatization of rhodamine has yielded many clinically useful therapeutic compounds for various ailments due to the presence of both nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms within its ring system. Its broad-spectrum activities are facilitated by its two key electrophilic binding groups, ketone and thioketone, which enable interactions with various biological targets. Significant advances have been made toward its efficient synthetic strategies for drug discovery and development. This comprehensive review discusses rational design strategies for rhodanine-based heterocycles and their therapeutic potential as antibacterial, anti-diabetes, anti-Alzheimer’s, anticancer, anthelmintic, anti-obesity, and against COVID-19. The article also sheds light on the synthetic strategies used to develop rhodamine derivatives and drug design supported with detailed structure-activity relationships (SAR). Further molecular docking providing mechanistic insights into their binding modes within receptors are also presented. These structural insights could help in further rational design of potent rhodamine derivatives as newer and safer therapeutic agents. Graphical AbstractCentral yellow molecular structure linked to various disease icons: anticancer, antibacterial, anti-Alzheimer, anti-COVID-19, antidiabetic, and anthelmintic.The diagram presents a central yellow molecular structure with elements like nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and oxygen (O). It illustrates connections to diverse biological applications: anticancer, antibacterial, anti-Alzheimer, anti-COVID-19, antidiabetic & anti-obesity, and anthelmintic, represented by icons in surrounding circles. A curved green line labeled "Structure Activity Relationship" encircles the categories. Above, a labeled 'Drug Design' oval and precursor molecules R-NH2, ClCH2COOH, and CS2 are included, visually connecting the drug synthesis process and biological targets.

Rational drug design, synthetic and artificial intelligence approaches for bioactive heterocycles: advances and perspectives.

Heterocyclic scaffolds are vital to medicinal chemistry due to their versatility, diversity, and ability to target various biological molecules. This review covers advances in designing and synthesizing bioactive heterocycles, highlighting structure-based drug design (SBDD) and ligand-based drug design (LBDD) approaches with computational modeling and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to find potent, selective molecules with good Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity (ADMET) profiles. Case studies show the successful development of heterocyclic drugs for cancer, microbial infections, inflammation, viral infections, and Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders. Synthetic methods have evolved from classical electrophilic/nucleophilic reactions to modern techniques like multicomponent reactions, microwave synthesis, metal catalysis, and green chemistry, making frameworks more accessible. The review discusses Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) studies for molecular optimization. Challenges like synthetic complexity and resistance remain, but emerging trends like machine learning, omics, and enzyme synthesis offer new opportunities. Ultimately, combining design principles and innovative methods can speed up drug discovery and enable sustainable, personalized therapies with heterocyclic pharmacophores.

Recent Advances in Structural and Functional Characterization of Biological Macromolecules.

Biological macromolecules form the cornerstone of cellular architecture and function through diverse structural arrangements and dynamic interactions. Recent methodological breakthroughs have revolutionized our understanding of these complex biomolecular systems by providing unprecedented resolution of their three-dimensional organization and conformational landscapes. This review examines significant advances in both structural elucidation and functional characterization approaches that bridge the critical gap between static snapshots and dynamic behaviors exhibited within cellular environments. Non-cell-based analytical platforms have similarly evolved, offering enhanced sensitivity, multiplexing capabilities, and reduced sample requirements for interrogating molecular interactions under near-physiological conditions. The integration of experimental approaches with computational modeling has enabled the construction of comprehensive structure-function relationships that more accurately represent macromolecular behavior in native contexts. This review aims to provide a contemporary assessment of biological macromolecule research, highlighting how technological advancements continue to fill the existing bridge and integrate the prior understanding of complex biomolecular systems while addressing persistent technical challenges in their characterization, with finesse.

Insights Into Natural Photosensitizer‐Based Nanotherapeutics in Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer

This review highlights mechanisms, recent advances, and translational challenges of natural PS‐based nanotherapeutics across multiple cancers, emphasizing strategies to improve delivery, selectivity, and therapeutic outcomes for next‐generation PDT.