Bin-Feng Wu

An operational wind-speed-dependent quadratic bias correction for Voluntary Observing Ship wind measurements evaluated against moored buoys and ERA5 reanalysis

Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS) wind reports constitute one of the densest marine in situ datasets, yet they carry a persistent, wind-speed-dependent negative bias that intensifies at low wind speeds. Using 18,957 collocated ship–buoy–ERA5 records over the nearshore waters of China, we diagnose this bias against two...