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Begoña Crespo

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#small language model Book Sep 2026

Strategic L1 Use in EMI Classrooms

With the rise of English-Medium Instruction (EMI) in education around the world, a new debate on the pedagogical role of students’ first language (L1) has emerged. Some educators and institutions recognize that the introduction of the first language is important as a means of reinforcing learner identity, equity, and t...

Begoña Crespo · 0 citations