Macro- and micro-scale mechanical properties and energy evolution analysis during unidirectional freeze-thaw cycling of sandstone.
This study investigates the microstructural effects, energy evolution, and damage progression of sandstone under uniaxial cyclic freeze-thaw (F-T) conditions. Using the roof sandstone from Shuangma No. 1 Mine, uniaxial compression tests were performed on samples subjected to varying numbers of F-T cycles. PFC3D simulat...