The rapid spread of digital technology has highlighted the weaknesses of traditional centralized systems, which often suffer from single points of failure, data breaches, and a lack of user control. This has created a strong need for more secure, open, and user-focused alternatives. Blockchain technology has emerged as a powerful solution, providing a decentralized, unchangeable, and cryptographically secure way to manage data and transactions without needing trusted middlemen. This review article looks at the research on how blockchain is used to create decentralized identity and authentication systems. We analyze basic frameworks, from protocols for IoT to solutions for securing cloud storage and document version control. The review also explores how blockchain is used in other fields, like how it improves security in federated learning and a theoretical look at its role in a post-quantum world. The discussion critically examines key challenges such as the scalability problem and the trade-off between privacy and openness. By highlighting these insights and suggesting future research, this paper aims to provide a clear roadmap for using blockchain to build strong and trustworthy decentralized systems.
Himanshu V. Chamatkar, Bansod Sneha Bharat, Ketan Wanjari et al.· 2026 International Conferenc...· 0 citations
Blockchain technology has expanded from a system of verifying and recording peer-to-peer cryptocurrency transactions to a general-purpose system that has the capability to execute self-enforcing agreements in a digital form, called a smart contract. Smart Contracts remove the need for a trusted third party by decentralizing the terms of contract between all nodes on a distributed network and distributing and verifying them as executable code. In this paper, three complementary research strands, which are present in the literature, are combined to give an overview of the smart contract research field: a systematic taxonomy of smart contract improvement and usage studies, the network-theoretic analysis of decentralized application (DApp) architecture using the contract and function call graph, and a bibliometric critical review of smart contract publications over the past decade. This paper explains how smart contracts work, asks some questions about the current smart contract development platforms, categorizes the current research efforts into modeling-driven, optimization-driven improvement categories and resource-driven and cross-organizational usage categories. This paper also examines small world and modular properties of the internal calls architecture of real-life DApps that directly affect security and resiliency. Applications in healthcare, supply chain management, finance, insurance, energy trading and philanthropy are mentioned, the various existing challenges such as reentrancy and other vulnerabilities, legal uncertainty, scalability limits, immutability trade-offs, oracles and inefficiency of consensus mechanisms examined. The paper finally presents a list of the research avenues that are emerging, such as Layer 2 scaling solutions, formal verification, AI-aided auditing, and quantum-resistant crypto.
Harshraj N. Gadbail, Rajendra M. Rewatkar, Nupur G. Kamdi et al.· 2026 International Conferenc...· 0 citations
Overspeeding of vehicles causing road accidents is still a major issue in transportation safety in urban and highway environments. Traditional monitoring systems are often based on manual surveillance, expensive infrastructure, or delayed reporting mechanisms that obstruct preventive real-time action. We propose SpeedGuard, a lightweight, real-time, Global Positioning System (GPS)-based overspeed detection and driver alert system using mobile GPS sensors, accelerometer data, and Pythonbased real-time processing techniques. The SpeedGuard system continuously tracks the speed and location of a vehicle using live sensor data from a mobile device, and instant warning alerts are generated when vehicle speed exceeds pre-defined safety thresholds to enhance driver awareness and transportation safety. This system integrates Flask-based communication, real-time monitoring, acceleration and braking analysis, and dashboard alert visualization. Experimental evaluation demonstrates successful live speed monitoring, overspeed detection, sensor event analysis, and lightweight deployment without expensive hardware infrastructure. The proposed SpeedGuard system offers a portable, low-cost, scalable, and efficient solution for intelligent transportation safety and real-time monitoring applications.
Prachi Sahu, Bansod Sneha Bharat, K. Reddy et al.· 2026 International Conferenc...· 0 citations
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