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Sponsored AI AM CLAUDE, A Beginner's Guide: Learn the basics of working with AI AI AM CLAUDE, A Beginner's Guide: Learn the basics of working with AI

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B. S. Zainal

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Open access Oct 2026

Integrated Energy, Economic, and Environmental Assessment of BEVs, FCEVs, and ICEVs Using the Triple-E Efficiency Framework

Vehicle technologies are commonly evaluated using energy consumption, operating cost, and environmental impact as separate indicators, which can lead to conflicting technology rankings. This study applies the Triple-E Efficiency (η3e) framework to integrate energy efficiency (ηe), economic efficiency (ηo), and environm...

B. S. Zainal, Noor Faizah Che Harun, T. M. Indra Mahlia · 0 citations

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