Review
Open access
Jul 2026
Transformers for 3D medical image analysis: a systematic review of architectural innovations, performance, and clinical applications
This systematic review systematically evaluates 138 peer-reviewed studies published between January 2017 and December 2025 using the PRISMA 2020 framework to reveal a clear dominance of hybrid CNN–Transformer architectures, with MRI representing the most extensively studied modality.
Wandile Nhlapho, M. Atemkeng, Yusuf Brima et al.
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