Open access
Oct 2026
Circulating Immune-Related Biomarkers in Egyptian Women with Early Breast Cancer: An Exploratory Case–Control Study Across IHC-Defined Clinicopathological Subgroups
Background: Breast cancer (BC) progression depends on immune dysregulation and complex interactions between tumor cells and host immune components. Soluble immune checkpoints, growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines are promising circulating biomarkers; however, their clinical relevance across IHC-defined clinicopath...
Rania Zaki, Auhood Nassar, R. A. Al Najar et al.
· Cells · 0 citations