Early Detection of Chronic Kidney Disease: An Umbrella Review of Cystatin C, Albuminuria and Artificial Intelligence
Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is frequently diagnosed after clinically meaningful loss of kidney function. Creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) may fail to identify early renal dysfunction, while cystatin C, albuminuria and artificial intelligence (AI)-based prediction models may im...