Artificial intelligence surrogates for treatment effect estimation with before-and-after data
Estimating the causal effects of medical treatments is difficult when clinically important outcomes are costly to measure or require long follow-up. Short-term or inexpensive surrogate outcomes offer a potential alternative, but surrogate biomarkers may be unavailable or difficult to identify. Advances in artificial in...
F. Dean, Anna Neufeld, Joshua Barrios et al.
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