Evaluation of urinary biomarkers for detection of renal tubular injury in Vipera berus-envenomated and critically ill dogs with and without clinically apparent acute kidney injury
Acute kidney injury (AKI) in dogs has high mortality and early diagnosis is essential, but traditional markers are not sensitive enough to detect renal injury in the absence of decreased glomerular filtration rate. The objective of this study was to compare urinary cystatin C (uCysC), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (uNAG...